Living organisms affect the environment and are affected by it. The Biosphere Protocols offer ways to quantify seasonal change, land cover, land use, and the amounts of living and dead biomass on the land surface. Phenology measurements of the timing of plant and animal seasonal changes provide critical climate data. Knowing how plant life and formerly living matter cover the land surface has many uses from preparing to fight fires, identifying habitat changes, and climate modeling, Plants moderate the interaction between atmosphere and pedosphere.

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